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FIT9137-Applied-W8-Q2a.pcapng
- What is the value of the Ethernet address of the client computer?
00:00:00:aa:00:08 - What is the destination address in the Ethernet frame? Is this the Ethernet address of the Server or a router?
00:00:00:aa:00:09,router - Give the hexadecimal value for the two-byte Frame type field.
0x0800 - What are the source and destination IP addresses?
source:
10.0.0.20destination:
10.0.6.20
- MAC 地址在帧层面用于局部传输(链路层),所以是 client → router
- IP 地址在网络层保持不变,因为目标是最终服务器
FIT9137-Applied-W8-Q2b.pcapng
- What is the value of the Ethernet source address? Is this the address of the client computer, or of a router?
source:
00:00:00:aa:00:03 - What is the destination address in the Ethernet frame? Is this the Ethernet address of a router?
destination:
00:00:00:aa:00:02 - Give the hexadecimal value for the two-byte Frame type field.
0x0800 - Are there any changes in the source and destination IP addresses?
源 IP:
10.0.0.20目标 IP:
10.0.6.20IP 没变
FIT9137-Applied-W8-Q2c.pcapng
- What is the value of the Ethernet source address? Is this the address of a router?
source address:
00:00:00:aa:00:00R-2的eth0 - What is the destination address in the Ethernet frame? Is this the address of arouter?
destination address:
00:00:00:aa:00:01R-3的eth1Yes it’s.
- Give the hexadecimal value for the two-byte Frame type field.
0x0800 - Are there any changes in the source and destination IP addresses?
10.0.0.20→10.0.6.20无变化
原理解释
- MAC 地址又一次更新:
- 源 MAC 为当前发送者 R2(eth0)
- 目的 MAC 为下一跳 R3(eth1)
- IP 地址仍然是原始客户端和服务器之间的端到端地址
- 每次帧从一台设备转发出去时,MAC 会更新,IP 不会变
FIT9137-Applied-W8-Q2d.pcapng
- What is the value of the Ethernet source address? Is this the Ethernet address of the client computer?
source address:
00:00:00:aa:00:07R-3的eth0 - What is the destination address in the Ethernet frame? Is this the address of the server, or of a router?
destination address:
00:00:00:aa:00:04Server
- Give the hexadecimal value for the two-byte Frame type field.
0x0800 - Are there any changes in the source and destination IP addresses?
10.0.0.20→10.0.6.20无变化
原理解释
- 数据到达最后一跳(Router R3)后,由它转发给最终目标——Server
- 所以:
- 源 MAC:R3 的接口(eth0)
- 目标 MAC:服务器自身
- IP 层依然维持端到端的地址对,不发生变化
四个抓包结果汇总表
| 抓包位置 | 源 MAC 地址 | 目标 MAC 地址 | IP 地址是否变化 | 帧类型 |
| Q2a(Client eth0) | 00:00:00:aa:00:08(客户端) | 00:00:00:aa:00:09(R1) | ❌ 没有变化 | 0x0800(IPv4) |
| Q2b(R1 eth2) | 00:00:00:aa:00:03(R1) | 00:00:00:aa:00:02(R2) | ❌ 没有变化 | 0x0800(IPv4) |
| Q2c(R2 eth0) | 00:00:00:aa:00:00(R2) | 00:00:00:aa:00:01(R3) | ❌ 没有变化 | 0x0800(IPv4) |
| Q2d(Server eth0) | 00:00:00:aa:00:07(R3) | 00:00:00:aa:00:04(Server) | ❌ 没有变化 | 0x0800(IPv4) |
核心知识点总结
1. MAC 地址 vs IP 地址的角色与作用不同
| 层级 | 地址类型 | 用途 | 是否在路径中变化 |
| 数据链路层 | MAC 地址 | 用于局域网中“逐跳”传输 | ✅ 每一跳都变(从设备到下一跳) |
| 网络层 | IP 地址 | 用于端到端通信(源 → 目标) | ❌ 不变(始终是 Client → Server) |
MAC 地址是局部的、动态变化的,而 IP 地址是全局的、保持不变的。
2. 路由器的作用
- 路由器在每一跳中:
- 读取 IP 头部,查找目标 IP 属于哪个子网
- 替换 MAC 地址(自己的接口地址作为源,下一个跳点作为目标)
- 转发数据包到下一跳或最终主机
3. 逐跳转发过程(Hop-by-hop forwarding)
你通过 Wireshark 看到了一条从客户端到服务器的 ICMP(Ping)请求,在每个网络段的表现:
- MAC 地址不断变化,表示数据“跳”过了多个路由器
- IP 地址始终指向源与目标,保持透明